这个作业是用R语言完成欧拉-拉格朗日方程式等问题的代写,以下是作业具体内容:

 

APM462: Homework 5

(1) Let A = {u : [a, b] 7→ R | u ∈ C
1, u(a) = A, u(b) = B, u ≥ 0}.
Let F[u(·)] be the volume of the surface of revolution of u formed by rotating u(x) around the x-axis. Find the u∗ whose surface of revolution has minimal volume among all u ∈ A. It’s enough to find the Euler-Lagrange equation without solving it. Hint: compare with example on p.4 of the notes.
(2) Let A := {u = (u1, u2, u3) : [0, 1] → R
3| u ∈ C1} and consider the “holonomic constraints” problem:
minimize F[u(·)] := Z 1
0qu01 (t)
2 + u02
(t)2 + u03
(t)2 dt subject to: u ∈ A, G(u1(t), u2(t), u3(t)) := u1(t)
2 + u2(t)
2 − 1 ≡ 0.
Find, but do not solve, the Euler-Lagrange equations for this problem.
(3) Let A := {u = (u1, u2) : [0, 1] → R
2 | u ∈ C1} and consider the “holonomic constraints” problem:
minimize F[u(·)] := Z 1
0qu01(t) 2 + u
02(t)2 dt
subject to: u ∈ A, G(u1(t), u2(t)) := u1(t) + u2(t)
2 − 1 ≡ 0.
(a) Thinking of this problem as a holonomic problem, find the Euler-Lagrange equations (you do not need to solve them).
(b) Formulate the above problem as a problem without constraints and solve it. Hint: note that the holonomic constraint is just saying that u1(t) = 1 − u2(t)2.
(c) Show that parts (a) and (b) give the same answer. Hint: what is λ(t)?
(4) Recall the optimization problem on Q.5, HW4:
minimize I[x(·)] = 12Z π0x0
(t)2dt
subject to the conditions x(0) = x(π) = 0 and the constraint J[x(·)] = Z π
0x(t)2dt = 1.
(a) Treating this problem as an “isoperimetric problem”, find the 1 st order neccessary conditions for a minimizer.12
(b) What is the relationship between the Lagrange multiplier λ you found in part (a) above and the λ you found in Q.5(c) on HW4?
(5) Consider the following problem where α is a constant:
minimize F[u(·)] := Z 10LF
(x, u(x), u0
(x)) dx
subject to: G[u(·)] = Z 10u0 (x) dx = α;
where u(·) ∈ A := {C1 functions u on [0, 1] such that u(0) = 0}.
Note that the space A has only one end point condition on u.
(a) Formulate the above problem as a problem without constraints and solve it. Hint: by integrating the constraint G[u(·)] = α we see it is equivalent to the condition u(1) = α.
(b) Treating this problem as an isoperimetric problem, find the Euler-Lagrange equation.
(c) Show that parts (a) and (b) give the same answer.
(6) Consider the following problem (a variant of Q.6) where α is a constant and g : [0, 1] 7→ [0, 1] is a C 1 invertible function:
minimize F[u(·)] := Z 1
0LF (x, u(x), u0 (x)) dx
subject to: G[u(·)] = Z 1
0g0 (u(x))u 0 (x) dx = α;
where u(·) ∈ A := {C1 functions u on [0, 1]}.
Note that here, unlike Q.6, the space A has no conditions on u at the end points. Find, but do not solve, the first oreder conditions for this problem.
Hint: formulate the problem as a problem without constraints but with a condition at one end point. Now use a variant of Q.3 HW4 where there is one end point condition on u. Your answer should include an Euler-Lagrange equation and one other condition.


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