作业代写｜Implementation: A Systematic Literature Review of Critical Success Factors

这是一篇来自澳洲的关于（Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning）云企业资源规划的实施，主要是对关键成功因素系统文献综述的作业代写

Abstract— Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a wellknown business management system that enhances functional efficiencies through integration of processes in a company.

Cloud ERP systems have recently evolved which are taking precedence over on-premise ERP due to the convenience of remote information access in real-time. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the critical success factors (CSFs) and the organisational, environmental, technological and individual characteristics that impact implementation of cloud ERP systems. 81 articles on cloud ERP implementation were evaluated from various conferences and journals. This study identifies 32 CSFs which influence implementation of these systems and also develops an integrative model based on the organisational, environmental, technological and individual characteristics that could impact deployment of cloud ERP systems. This study provides new insights into cloud ERP adoption, its CSFs and offers more clarity to information technology (IT) practitioners into the characteristics that may impact cloud ERP implementation.

Keywords— enterprise resource planning (ERP), cloud ERP systems, systematic literature review (SLR), critical success factors (CSFs).

1. INTRODUCTION

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems help ino rganising, defining, and standardising the business processes essential to plan and control an organisation effectively [1]. On-premise  ERP systems are hosted by an organisation and are required to handle their own infrastructure, operating systems and software, as well as database servers and hardware [2]. Nevertheless, onpremise ERP systems become rather inconvenient for acquiring information when accessed remotely. They exhibit less trust and reliability because the data from the system mostly are not in real-time [3]. Additionally, these systems require a sophisticated infrastructure because the companies are required to install both hardware and software as part of their in-house implementation [4].

The cloud ERP systems can bring various advantages over the on-premise ERP systems such as fast implementation, low upfront costs, rapid upgrades and updates, the capacity to handle change and growth, ability to restore and back-up information at  any time using devices such as a computer or a tablet [5]. The implementation of these systems is based on an application service provider model which hosts the system at the clients’ end. Thus, the cloud ERP systems have become more suitable since the onpremise systems need to be purchased and maintained from company premises [6]. Moreover, these systems are especially helpful in those firms which lack resources such as budget, human resources or information technology (IT) capabilities for implementation [7].

Based on the features of the cloud ERP systems and the way it is managed, the influence of critical success factors (CSFs) between the on-premise ERP and cloud ERPsystems may change. For example, in the on-premise ERP systems, a success factor would be the requirement of expert IT staff to  maintain the system, whereas in a cloud ERP, the system is managed by the cloud service providers (CSPs). It  is necessary to understand technological, organisational,technological and people-related individual characteristics and CSFs as they can lead to a successful implementation of cloud ERP systems [8].

However, there is limited research in the area of cloud ERP implementation, as few prior studies have investigated cloud ERP systems implementation in organisations [6].

Moreover, prior research has focused either on the technological,organisational and environmental characteristics[9] or people-related individual characteristics [10]. Thus, the research so far does not broadly espouse on its own because it does not focus on all the perspectives at different levels [11]. Therefore, the present study develops an integrative model based on the technological, organisational, environmental and peoplerelated individual characteristics which would impact the implementation of cloud ERP systems. Additionally, the study identifies CSFs that influence the implementation of cloud ERP systems in companies. The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the research, which relates to technological, organisational, environmental and peoplerelated individual characteristics and CSFs for cloud ERP implementation using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. The research questions which this study address are:

1. What are the organisational, environmental,technological and individual characteristics for implementing cloud ERP systems?

2. What are the CSFs for cloud ERP implementation in organisations?

The significance and contributions of the study are as follows. First, the study provides new insights into the understanding of cloud ERP implementation in organisations. Second, the study offers more clarity to IT practitioners into why companies should implement cloud ERP systems. Finally, this study helps create an understanding of the characteristics and factors that could support implementation.

This study is structured in five sections. In section 2, the study describes the literature review and theoretical framework which are related to the cloud ERP systems.

Section 3 provides the research methodology which is used in this study. In section 4, this study provides literature review conduct which is comprised of searching strings and database, exclusion criteria and selecting of the study and data extraction. In section 5, this study provides the result of CSFs and characteristics for cloud ERP systems, which are captured from the SLR approach. Finally, the conclusion and future research direction are presented in section 6.

1. LITERATURE REVIEW

In the current business environment, many companies are continuously investigating ways to achieve lower costs of operations, but higher efficiencies. To complete these goals, the cloud ERP systems, which have evolved from the traditional ERP, can realise the above organisational intent,which are easy to deploy and have lower requirements in terms of hardware and software [12]. Additionally, the functionality that the cloud ERP systems provide, is the same as on-premise ERP systems, but they have considerably lower support and maintenance [13].

1. Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a new technology, which can be referred to as service applications (software and hardware) delivered on the Internet [14]. The three models in cloud computing are infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS).

• IaaS: Model refers to infrastructure resources which can be accessed by the administration in a virtual computer such as service application and data centre space and storage device to support an organisation’s operations.

• PaaS: Model refers to the software which is run and developed on a platform which includes a programming language execution environment,operating systems, Web servers, and databases.

• SaaS: Model refers to the application hosted as a service, and the user can access the application through a Web-based software in the browser without installing or maintaining any software.

In addition, there are four deployment models, namely,private, public, hybrid and community-based [14].

• Public: The public model is a third-party service that provides cloud computing, which is based on sharing resources with other client companies. The cloud requires the users to access servers via a Web-based browser and pay only for usage time.

• Private: The private model allows users to control their server and set their level of security. However,this model is more expensive for the user.

• Hybrid: The hybrid model is a combined deployment model between public and private; thus, this model offers a balance between security and cost incurred.

• Community-base: The community-based model is the same as the private cloud model, but this model is customised for certain entities which have specific requirements.

1. Theoretical Frameworks

Information Technologies (IT) adoption can be categorised into two main groups: individual and organisation [15]. For the individual level, [10] developed the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology framework (UTAUT), which evolved from eight separate adoption frameworks [10]. The UTAUT framework assumes to include complete and comprehensive information for the investigation of individual technology adoptions [16]. For the organisational level, technology organisation environment (TOE) and diffusion of innovation (DOI) frameworks are broadly used to explain the IT adoptions [17, 18]. However, the TOE is a more popular theoretical framework because it can identify the barriers of IT adoption [19] and can help the growth of the IT field [20]. Furthermore, the TOE is a multi-perspective framework that can investigate different characteristics such as the environment and technology, while DOI theory focuses singly on the organisational level [9].

Each of the theoretical framework, listed in the individual or organisational levels might not be broadly espoused on their own because neither of them focuses on all the perspectives at both the individual or organisation levels [11]. For example, the UTAUT framework can contribute to users’ understanding of the acceptance of new information [10]. In the same way, the TOE framework is recommended to analyse the relevant variables in using Internet technologies and IT adoption [21]. Nevertheless,comprehensive information rarely comes from any traditional single theory such as UTAUT or TOE.

Therefore, researchers have proposed an integrative model,which combines two adoption theoretical frameworks such as TOE and DOI [22]. This integrated model would be more powerful in explaining technology adoption and could provide sufficient information for interpreting the organisational context [23].

III. RESEARCH METHOD

Systematic literature review (SLR) is a procedure which is used to identify, assess and interpret all findings from relevant researches related to implementation for cloud ERP systems. The objective of an SLR is to follow a clear and explicit review procedure in the planning stage which guides implementation. Its purpose isto help in constructing the retrieved outcomes and decreasing researchers’ bias.

1. LITERATURE REVIEW CONDUCT

There are relevant articles found within databases which are related to the case of implementation, adoption and diffusion of cloud ERP systems. There were 81 research articles in total and only 33 studies which were relevant to cloud ERP systems. From the related articles, the study can be divided into two groups, which are the theoretical framework and CSFs, as can be seen in Fig 1.