这个作业是针对新冠疫苗的生产、销售情况完成报告
BUSS5001 S2 2020 Essay Instructions
简报背景和说明
人们希望covid19疫苗将于2021年面世。在预料之中
澳大利亚政府正在准备是否以及如何监管疫苗的销售。你呢
已被要求协助向卫生部长格雷格·亨特阁下介绍这方面的情况。
请注意，部长之前已经听取了关于疫苗的若干事实的简报
你可以假设这是真的并且已经被理解了。首先，我们知道
一旦开发出药物配方并
实现了实际生产发生时的可变成本相对较低。第二，是的
预计疫苗只会在几个月内产生免疫力，因此重复使用
对大多数澳大利亚人口进行持续的疫苗接种是必要的。第三，当
昆士兰疫苗公司承诺政府认为最有可能的结果是
澳大利亚政府购买国外正在研发的一种疫苗
在牛津大学。这就是正在制定的规章制度。四是
部长只要求简要介绍与
决定如何定价和管理covid19疫苗。部长没有要求任何其他要求
监管方面，如健康、营销等-仅涉及
经济学，如定价、竞争、市场结构等。
请向部长简要介绍以下几点。注意任何市场的目标
部长提出的条例将使澳大利亚人和信息技术的利益最大化
为了这个目的你应该直接写简报。
#1. 10 marks
Vaccine producers argue that vaccines bring large benefits to society that are in part, if not
large part, via positive externalities. As such, it is argued that instead of regulating the
vaccine market at a potentially arbitrary price the Australian government will maximize
benefits to Australians by subsidizing vaccine price by the same value as the positive
externality. Please brief the Minister on the accuracy of this argument.
#2. 10 marks
Vaccine producers are arguing the following. They suggest that an alternative to regulated
markets is where they will not patent their vaccines and instead make the vaccine method
publicly available as soon as they begin selling the vaccine. As the vaccine, like many drugs,
is relatively straight forward and low-cost to produce once the procedure is established and
production facilities specific to the vaccine are built, this will allow generic drug makers to
make and market the identical drug directly to consumers under alternative brand names,
increasing competition and supporting consumer choice. This removes the need for
government regulation beyond that of the government providing a Pigouvian subsidy.
Please brief the minister on this argument and why you support or disagree with it.
#3. 20 marks
In light of the calls for the vaccine to be sold at-cost by the producer, potential vaccine
producers have stated that they will lose money if this at-cost requirement were mandated
and as a result they cannot produce the vaccine. The Minister requests your advice on what
this call for at-cost pricing means, whether it is desirable, whether it is feasible (i.e. whether
producers can remain profitable), and what your recommended approach to regulation, if any,
is to maximize benefits to Australians.